A PFD, or Personal Flotation Device (aka life jacket), is the single-most important piece of safety equipment you can have when something goes wrong on the water. Unlike when driving your car, having an emergency with your boat means there is a good chance you will end up in the water. Even if you are a good swimmer, being in the water during low temperatures or while injured can make survival without a PFD nearly impossible.

Despite their importance and the legal requirements in place, many boaters find themselves without a PFD. Even boaters who do have the required number of PFDs onboard often find they are the wrong size or type for the activities involved. This can often be just as bad as not having any at all.

Honestly, selecting a PFD can be confusing for even an experienced boater. New models and designs are introduced every season. Retailers often group multiple styles with little information available to the buyer. Even if you ask an employee, the information provided is not guaranteed to be accurate. Ultimately, you must ensure the PFD you are using is correct. Let’s look at how you can do that.

• Types Available

Five types of PFDs are available, each designed to provide different levels of protection in specific situations. Not all types are interchangeable, and not all are approved for recreational boating.

Type 1 — These are the most buoyant and suitable for all conditions. This type of PFD will turn an unconscious wearer face up and is available in sizes from child to adult. Unfortunately, it is also the most cumbersome and least comfortable.

Type 2 — also referred to as offshore PFDs — is designed for isolated or rough waters. The design and availability of inflatable models make a Type 2 PFD more comfortable than the bulky Type 1, making it suitable for use when involved in physical activities such as sailing or fishing.

Type 3 — This is the most common PFD for recreational boaters and is designed for use when within sight or shore in calm or inland waters. It is also the PFD best suited for heavy physical activities such as paddling, fishing, and moving about a small boat. Like Type 2, it is also available in inflatable models.

Type 4 — Although many boats are required to have a Type 4 PFD onboard, they do not meet the requirements for a wearable device. They are designed to be thrown to someone who enters the water without a PFD on. Several designs are available, including a ring or cushion. Both are suitable as long as they are used for labeling.

Type 5 — These PFDs are referred to as special-use devices because they are designed for specific activities such as construction or barge work, racing, or water skiing. Although a Type 5 PFD is a USCG-approved device, it is only acceptable when worn and used during the specified activity — it does not meet the requirements for recreational boating.

In addition to the types listed above, there are also what are known as swim or floatation aids. These may resemble PFDs or even pool floats. Swim and floatation aids are not suitable for recreational boating and do not provide the required protection during boating.

Still confused? Do not worry — it is confusing. The best way to select a PFD is to review the label. It will include all the information needed to determine the type and recommended use. It will also tell you the size and buoyancy and provide a USCG approval number.

The final step in selecting a PFD is to try it on. Although many PFDs are adjustable, there is a limit to how much adjustment can be made. The fit should be snug but not so snug that it prevents the use of all buckles, straps, or zippers. Vest designs should not extend past your mid-waist or sit high off your shoulders — if they do, it is a sign the PFD is too large.

Hopefully, you will never need a PFD, but if you do, it is important to have the right one for the situation.